JavaScript Number Methods
Number methods help you work with numbers.
Number Methods and Properties
Primitive values (like 3.14 or 2014), cannot have properties and methods (because they are not objects).
But with JavaScript, methods and properties are also available to primitive values, because JavaScript treats primitive values as objects when executing methods and properties.
The toString() Method
The toString() method returns a number as a string.
All number methods can be used on any type of numbers (literals, variables, or expressions):
Example
let x = 123;
x.toString(); // returns 123 from variable x
(123).toString(); // returns 123 from literal 123
(100 + 23).toString(); // returns 123 from expression 100 + 23
Try it Yourself »
The toExponential() Method
toExponential() returns a string, with a number rounded and written using exponential notation.
A parameter defines the number of characters behind the decimal point:
Example
let x = 9.656;
x.toExponential(2); // returns 9.66e+0
x.toExponential(4); // returns 9.6560e+0
x.toExponential(6); // returns 9.656000e+0
Try
it yourself »
The parameter is optional. If you don't specify it, JavaScript will not round the number.
The toFixed() Method
toFixed() returns a string, with the number
written with a specified number of
decimals:
Example
let x = 9.656;
x.toFixed(0); // returns 10
x.toFixed(2); // returns 9.66
x.toFixed(4); // returns 9.6560
x.toFixed(6); // returns 9.656000
Try
it yourself »toFixed(2) is perfect for working with money.
The toPrecision() Method
toPrecision() returns a string, with a number written with a
specified length:
Example
let x = 9.656;
x.toPrecision(); // returns 9.656
x.toPrecision(2); // returns 9.7
x.toPrecision(4); // returns 9.656
x.toPrecision(6); // returns 9.65600
Try it Yourself »
The valueOf() Method
valueOf() returns a number as a number.
Example
let x = 123;
x.valueOf(); // returns 123 from variable x
(123).valueOf(); // returns 123 from literal 123
(100 + 23).valueOf(); // returns 123 from expression 100 + 23
Try it Yourself »
In JavaScript, a number can be a primitive value (typeof = number) or an object (typeof = object).
The valueOf() method is used internally in JavaScript to convert Number
objects to primitive values.
There is no reason to use it in your code.
All JavaScript data types have a valueOf() and a toString() method.
Converting Variables to Numbers
There are 3 JavaScript methods that can be used to convert variables to numbers:
- The
Number()method - The
parseInt()method - The
parseFloat()method
These methods are not number methods, but global JavaScript methods.
Global JavaScript Methods
JavaScript global methods can be used on all JavaScript data types.
These are the most relevant methods, when working with numbers:
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Number() | Returns a number, converted from its argument. |
| parseFloat() | Parses its argument and returns a floating point number |
| parseInt() | Parses its argument and returns an integer |
The Number() Method
Number() can be used to convert JavaScript variables to numbers:
Example
Number(true); // returns 1
Number(false); // returns 0
Number("10"); // returns 10
Number(" 10"); // returns 10
Number("10 "); // returns 10
Number(" 10 "); // returns 10
Number("10.33"); // returns 10.33
Number("10,33"); // returns
NaN
Number("10 33"); // returns NaN
Number("John"); // returns NaN
Try it Yourself »
If the number cannot be converted, NaN (Not a Number) is returned.
The Number() Method Used on Dates
Number() can also convert a date to a number:
The Number() method above returns the number of milliseconds since 1.1.1970.
The parseInt() Method
parseInt() parses a string and returns a whole number. Spaces are
allowed. Only the first number is returned:
Example
parseInt("-10"); // returns -10
parseInt("-10.33"); // returns -10
parseInt("10"); // returns 10
parseInt("10.33"); // returns 10
parseInt("10 20 30"); // returns 10
parseInt("10 years"); // returns 10
parseInt("years 10"); // returns NaN
Try
it yourself »If the number cannot be converted, NaN (Not a Number) is returned.
The parseFloat() Method
parseFloat() parses a string and returns a number. Spaces are
allowed. Only the first number is returned:
Example
parseFloat("10"); // returns 10
parseFloat("10.33"); // returns 10.33
parseFloat("10 20 30"); // returns 10
parseFloat("10 years"); // returns 10
parseFloat("years 10"); // returns NaN
Try
it yourself »If the number cannot be converted, NaN (Not a Number) is returned.
Number Properties
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| MAX_VALUE | Returns the largest number possible in JavaScript |
| MIN_VALUE | Returns the smallest number possible in JavaScript |
| POSITIVE_INFINITY | Represents infinity (returned on overflow) |
| NEGATIVE_INFINITY | Represents negative infinity (returned on overflow) |
| NaN | Represents a "Not-a-Number" value |
JavaScript MIN_VALUE and MAX_VALUE
MAX_VALUE returns the largest possible number in JavaScript.
MIN_VALUE returns the lowest possible number in JavaScript.
JavaScript POSITIVE_INFINITY
POSITIVE_INFINITY is returned on overflow:
JavaScript NEGATIVE_INFINITY
NEGATIVE_INFINITY is returned on overflow:
JavaScript NaN - Not a Number
NaN is a JavaScript reserved word indicating that a number is not a legal number.
Trying to do arithmetic with a non-numeric string will result in NaN (Not a
Number):
Number Properties Cannot be Used on Variables
Number properties belongs to the JavaScript's number object wrapper called Number.
These properties can only be accessed as Number.MAX_VALUE.
Using myNumber.MAX_VALUE, where myNumber is a variable, expression,
or value, will return undefined:
Complete JavaScript Number Reference
For a complete reference, go to our Complete JavaScript Number Reference.
The reference contains descriptions and examples of all Number properties and methods.
